Summary information

PDB id
7msv
Class
DNA
Method
NMR
Summary
Solution structure of berberine bound to a dgmp fill-in g-quadruplex in the pdgfr-b promoter
Reference
Wang KB, Dickerhoff J, Yang D (2021): "Solution Structure of Ternary Complex of Berberine Bound to a dGMP-Fill-In Vacancy G-Quadruplex Formed in the PDGFR-beta Promoter." J.Am.Chem.Soc., 143, 16549-16555. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c06200.
Abstract
The G-quadruplexes (G4s) formed in the PDGFR-β gene promoter are transcriptional modulators and amenable to small-molecule targeting. Berberine (BER), a clinically important natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has gained increasing attention due to its potential as anticancer drug. We previously showed that the PDGFR-β gene promoter forms a unique vacancy G4 (vG4) that can be filled in and stabilized by guanine metabolites, such as dGMP. Herein, we report the high-resolution NMR structure of a ternary complex of berberine bound to the dGMP-fill-in PDGFR-β vG4 in potassium solution. This is the first small-molecule complex structure of a fill-in vG4. This ternary complex has a 2:1:1 binding stoichiometry with a berberine molecule bound at each the 5'- and 3'-end of the 5'-dGMP-fill-in PDGFR-β vG4. Each berberine recruits the adjacent adenine residue from the 5'- or 3'-flanking sequence to form a "quasi-triad plane" that covers the external G-tetrad of the fill-in vG4, respectively. Significantly, berberine covers and stabilizes the fill-in dGMP. The binding of berberine involves both π-stacking and electrostatic interactions, and the fill-in dGMP is covered and well-protected by berberine. The NMR structure can guide rational design of berberine analogues that target the PDGFR-β vG4 or dGMP-fill-in vG4. Moreover, our structure provides a molecular basis for designing small-molecule guanine conjugates to target vG4s.
G4 notes
3 G-tetrads, 1 G4 helix, 1 G4 stem, 2(-P-P-P), parallel(4+0), UUUU

Base-block schematics in six views

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List of 3 G-tetrads

 1 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- planarity=0.415 type=other  nts=4 GGgG X.DG3,X.DG7,X.DGP101,X.DG14
 2 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- planarity=0.152 type=planar nts=4 GGGG X.DG4,X.DG8,X.DG11,X.DG15
 3 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- planarity=0.146 type=planar nts=4 GGGG X.DG5,X.DG9,X.DG12,X.DG16

List of 1 G4-helix

In DSSR, a G4-helix is defined by stacking interactions of G-tetrads, regardless of backbone connectivity, and may contain more than one G4-stem.

Helix#1, 3 G-tetrad layers, INTRA-molecular, with 1 stem

 1  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGgG X.DG3,X.DG7,X.DGP101,X.DG14
 2  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG X.DG4,X.DG8,X.DG11,X.DG15
 3  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG X.DG5,X.DG9,X.DG12,X.DG16
  step#1  pm(>>,forward)  area=13.67 rise=3.34 twist=28.0
  step#2  pm(>>,forward)  area=12.95 rise=3.41 twist=28.5
  strand#1 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG X.DG3,X.DG4,X.DG5
  strand#2 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG X.DG7,X.DG8,X.DG9
  strand#3 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 gGG X.DGP101,X.DG11,X.DG12
  strand#4 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG X.DG14,X.DG15,X.DG16

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2 stacking diagrams
 1  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGgG X.DG3,X.DG7,X.DGP101,X.DG14
2 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG X.DG4,X.DG8,X.DG11,X.DG15
step#1 pm(>>,forward) area=13.67 rise=3.34 twist=28.0

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 2  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG X.DG4,X.DG8,X.DG11,X.DG15
3 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG X.DG5,X.DG9,X.DG12,X.DG16
step#2 pm(>>,forward) area=12.95 rise=3.41 twist=28.5

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List of 1 G4-stem

In DSSR, a G4-stem is defined as a G4-helix with backbone connectivity. Bulges are also allowed along each of the four strands.

Stem#1, 2 G-tetrad layers, 3 loops, INTRA-molecular, UUUU, parallel, 2(-P-P-P), parallel(4+0)

 1  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG X.DG4,X.DG8,X.DG11,X.DG15
 2  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG X.DG5,X.DG9,X.DG12,X.DG16
  step#1  pm(>>,forward)  area=12.95 rise=3.41 twist=28.5
  strand#1  U DNA glyco-bond=-- sugar=-- nts=2 GG X.DG4,X.DG5
  strand#2  U DNA glyco-bond=-- sugar=-- nts=2 GG X.DG8,X.DG9
  strand#3  U DNA glyco-bond=-- sugar=-- nts=2 GG X.DG11,X.DG12
  strand#4  U DNA glyco-bond=-- sugar=-- nts=2 GG X.DG15,X.DG16
  loop#1 type=propeller strands=[#1,#2] nts=2 AG X.DA6,X.DG7
  loop#2 type=propeller strands=[#2,#3] nts=1 C X.DC10
  loop#3 type=propeller strands=[#3,#4] nts=2 CG X.DC13,X.DG14

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