Summary information

PDB id
2kyp
Class
DNA
Method
NMR
Summary
Monomeric human ckit-2 proto-oncogene promoter quadruplex DNA NMR, 12 structures
Reference
Kuryavyi V, Phan AT, Patel DJ (2010): "Solution structures of all parallel-stranded monomeric and dimeric G-quadruplex scaffolds of the human c-kit2 promoter." Nucleic Acids Res., 38, 6757-6773. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq558.
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that nuclease hypersensitivity regions of several proto-oncogenic DNA promoters, situated upstream of transcription start sites, contain guanine-rich tracts that form intramolecular G-quadruplexes stabilized by stacked G•G•G•G tetrads in monovalent cation solution. The human c-kit oncogenic promoter, an important target in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, contains two such stretches of guanine-rich tracts, designated c-kit1 and c-kit2. Our previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based studies reported on the novel G-quadruplex scaffold of the c-kit1 promoter in K(+)-containing solution, where we showed for the first time that even an isolated guanine was involved in G-tetrad formation. These NMR-based studies are now extended to the c-kit2 promoter, which adopts two distinct all-parallel-stranded conformations in slow exchange, one of which forms a monomeric G-quadruplex (form-I) in 20 mM K(+)-containing solution and the other a novel dimeric G-quadruplex (form-II) in 100 mM K(+)-containing solution. The c-kit2 promoter dimeric form-II G-quadruplex adopts an unprecedented all-parallel-stranded topology where individual c-kit2 promoter strands span a pair of three-G-tetrad-layer-containing all-parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes aligned in a 3' to 5'-end orientation, with stacking continuity between G-quadruplexes mediated by a sandwiched A•A non-canonical pair. We propose that strand exchange during recombination events within guanine-rich segments, could potentially be mediated by a synapsis intermediate involving an intergenic parallel-stranded dimeric G-quadruplex.
G4 notes
3 G-tetrads, 1 G4 helix, 1 G4 stem, 3(-P-P-P), parallel(4+0), UUUU

Base-block schematics in six views

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List of 3 G-tetrads

 1 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- planarity=0.085 type=planar nts=4 GGGG A.DG2,A.DG6,A.DG14,A.DG18
 2 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- planarity=0.072 type=planar nts=4 GGGG A.DG3,A.DG7,A.DG15,A.DG19
 3 glyco-bond=---- sugar=-3-- groove=---- planarity=0.129 type=planar nts=4 GGGG A.DG4,A.DG8,A.DG16,A.DG20

List of 1 G4-helix

In DSSR, a G4-helix is defined by stacking interactions of G-tetrads, regardless of backbone connectivity, and may contain more than one G4-stem.

Helix#1, 3 G-tetrad layers, INTRA-molecular, with 1 stem

 1  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG2,A.DG6,A.DG14,A.DG18
 2  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG3,A.DG7,A.DG15,A.DG19
 3  glyco-bond=---- sugar=-3-- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG4,A.DG8,A.DG16,A.DG20
  step#1  pm(>>,forward)  area=11.02 rise=3.25 twist=30.4
  step#2  pm(>>,forward)  area=12.09 rise=3.35 twist=28.5
  strand#1 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG A.DG2,A.DG3,A.DG4
  strand#2 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--3 nts=3 GGG A.DG6,A.DG7,A.DG8
  strand#3 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG A.DG14,A.DG15,A.DG16
  strand#4 DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG A.DG18,A.DG19,A.DG20

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2 stacking diagrams
 1  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG2,A.DG6,A.DG14,A.DG18
2 glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG3,A.DG7,A.DG15,A.DG19
step#1 pm(>>,forward) area=11.02 rise=3.25 twist=30.4

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 2  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG3,A.DG7,A.DG15,A.DG19
3 glyco-bond=---- sugar=-3-- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG4,A.DG8,A.DG16,A.DG20
step#2 pm(>>,forward) area=12.09 rise=3.35 twist=28.5

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List of 1 G4-stem

In DSSR, a G4-stem is defined as a G4-helix with backbone connectivity. Bulges are also allowed along each of the four strands.

Stem#1, 3 G-tetrad layers, 3 loops, INTRA-molecular, UUUU, parallel, 3(-P-P-P), parallel(4+0)

 1  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG2,A.DG6,A.DG14,A.DG18
 2  glyco-bond=---- sugar=---- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG3,A.DG7,A.DG15,A.DG19
 3  glyco-bond=---- sugar=-3-- groove=---- WC-->Major nts=4 GGGG A.DG4,A.DG8,A.DG16,A.DG20
  step#1  pm(>>,forward)  area=11.02 rise=3.25 twist=30.4
  step#2  pm(>>,forward)  area=12.09 rise=3.35 twist=28.5
  strand#1  U DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG A.DG2,A.DG3,A.DG4
  strand#2  U DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--3 nts=3 GGG A.DG6,A.DG7,A.DG8
  strand#3  U DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG A.DG14,A.DG15,A.DG16
  strand#4  U DNA glyco-bond=--- sugar=--- nts=3 GGG A.DG18,A.DG19,A.DG20
  loop#1 type=propeller strands=[#1,#2] nts=1 C A.DC5
  loop#2 type=propeller strands=[#2,#3] nts=5 CGCTA A.DC9,A.DG10,A.DC11,A.DT12,A.DA13
  loop#3 type=propeller strands=[#3,#4] nts=1 A A.DA17

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